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Studio MOSFILM
OCTOBER
This film
was produced in 1927
by a group of soviet filmakers,
led by Sergei Eisenstein
for the Tenth Anniversary of the October Revolution.
This film recreates
the events of October 1917 with the greatest possible realism.
Many participants of the Revolution,
Red Guards, soldiers and sailors
appear in the film.
Among them is Nikolai Podvolsky,
one of the leaders of the armed uprising.
Leningrad and its streets, the Winter Palace,
the corridors of the Smolny,
were the same as in that fateful year.
Thus, OCTOBER 1917 renders
a stirring "eyewitness"
account of the early days of
the birth of the Soviet Union.
A masterpiece created by
one of the world's greatest film directors,
it's a welcome gift to film viewers.
The original film premiered in the era of the silent screen.
This sound version was made by
Eisenstein's associate
Grigory Alexandrov.
The music is by Dimitri Shostakovich.
Sound : V. Ladyguina V. Babouchkine
OCTOBER 1917
this film is dedicated
to the Petrograd Proletariat
heroes of the October Revolution.
Commissioned by the October Revolution Jubilee Committee.
Chairman, Nikolai Podvolsky.
Screenplay and Direction,
SERGEl EISENSTEIN and GRIGORY ALEXANDROV
Camera, EDUARD TISSE
We have the right to be proud
that to us fell the good fortune
of beginning the building of the
Soviet State and by doing so,
opening a new chapter in the
history of the world.
VLADIMIR ULYANOV (LENIN)
ALEXANDER III, EMPEROR OF RUSSIA.
FEBRUARY The proletariat's first
victory on the road to socialism.
TO THE CITIZENS OF RUSSIA!
Long live the Provisional Government!
TO THE CITIZENS OF RUSSIA!
To the citizens of Russia?
That means...
BROTHER !
FRIEND!
The Provisional Government...
...will continue to honor the commitments made to
the allied powers.
One pound of bread.
One half pound...
One quarter pound...
One eight pound...
The same old story...
Hunger and War.
But...
Outside the Finland railway station.
April 3rd
"It's him !"
"Ulyanov!"
"LENIN !"
"Long live the revolutionary
soldiers and workers who have overthrown the Monarchy!"
"No support for the Provisional Government!"
"Long live the Socialist Revolution !"
Socialist...not Bourgeoisie.
Five months of Bourgeoisie Government...
No Peace
No Bread
No Land
JULY Days of the people's wrath.
"Down with the capitalist ministers!"
"Down with the Provisional Government!"
Meeting followed meeting outside the building where
the Petrograd Committee of the Bolsheviks was housed.
"An uprising is premature!"
"The enemy will try to provoke us!"
"We call for calm and restraint!"
Kronstadt Sailors.
"The party will lead you when the times comes."
NEVSKY PROSPECT Corner of Sadovaya Square
Stronghold of the reactionary newspaper...
Editorial offices of THE EVENING TIMES.
TO THE RESCUE OF THE BANNER.
"BOLSHEVIK!"
The government ordered
the bridges raised...
to cut off the workers' districts from the center.
The victors threw copies of THE PRAVDA into the river.
The counter-revolutionaries had won.
The "PRAVDA"
The 1st Machinegun Regiment...
called for solidarity with the workers.
TURNCOATS!
TRAITORS!
BOLSHEVIKS!
Headquarters of the Bolshevik military organisation.
The Petrograd Committee of The Bolshevik Party.
DICTATOR.
Minister Of The Army.
Minister Of The Navy.
Prime minister,
Etc., etc., etc...
Hope of the Nation and the Revolution :
Alexander Kerensky.
The tsar's lackeys.
A true democrat!
The "ROYAL" democrat!
The "TURNCOATS."
The "TRAITORS."
On July 6th, the Provisional Government ordered
the arrest of Lenin.
Lenin had gone underground.
But he directed the 6th Party Congress, which planned
an armed uprising.
In the chambers of Empress Alexandra.
Alexander Kerensky.
In the chambers of Alexander III.
Alexander IV?
"Order For The Reinstatement Of The Death Penalty."
NAPOLEON? EMPEROR?
The Revolution is in danger!
"General...
...Kornilov...
...is advancing !"
"Kornilov is advancing !"
"Defend Petrograd!"
"Kornilov is advancing !"
"In the name of God and Country."
"In the name
of God...
"In the name
of Country."
"Hooray!"
General Kornilov.
Two Napoleons.
Which of the two?
Kornilov is advancing.
With the Savage Division.
With British tanks.
And the government?
The government is powerless.
"Kornilov shall not pass."
Prison doors were torn open.
The "TURNCOATS."
The "TRAITORS."
The BOLSHEVIKS.
The arsenal was in the hands of the people.
The workers of Petrograd took over...
...the defence of the city.
DEFENCE HEADQUARTERS.
THE SMOLNY.
The "TURNCOATS."
The "TRAITORS."
The BOLSHEVIKS.
THE SAVAGE DIVISION.
"GOD IS WITH US."
The Bolshevik leaflet...
...spoke their language.
BREAD!
PEACE !
LAND!
BROTHERHOOD!
Fraternizing.
And...
General Kornilov was arrested.
PROLETARIAN, LEARN TO USE YOUR RIFLE!
"The Bolsheviks must seize power!"
"This will be the last and decisive battle!"
The hour drew near.
On October 10th., the Central
Committee Of The Bolsheviks
debated the question of an armed uprising.
Trotsky urged for a postponement.
Waiting until Rodzyanko and Co. strangled the Revolution
or beginning the uprising.
There was no middle course!
To vacillate was to lose.
"AII in favor of Lenin's proposal."
The party set up headquarters for the uprising.
THE MILITARY REVOLUTIONARYCOMMITTEE
OCTOBER 24th
After four months in the underground,
Lenin was in the Smolny.
Map of Petrograd and suburbs.
The Palace Square... The Winter Palace...
On the eve of October 25th
Lenin took over the direction of the uprising.
An appeal was drafted. "TO THE CITIZENS OF RUSSIA"
The Provisional Government has been deposed!
State power has passed into the hands of the...
Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldier's Deputies.
October 25th, 1917, 10 a.m.
In reply to the appeal...
from the workers' districts to the Smolny...
CLASS SUPERVISOR
THE MENSHEVIKFACTION
The Mensheviks.
The Commissars!
"To the telegraph office!"
"To the telephone exchange!"
"Man your posts!"
The morning of October 25th.
On orders from the Committee and according
to the plan, the cruiser "AURORA" sailed up the
Neva River.
AURORA
Again the bridges were raised
and the workers' districts were cut off from the center.
The bridges fell into the hands of the workers.
"The sailors are coming !"
A Cossack regiment.
"This is the Minister of War."
"Where are the Cossacks?"
"They're saddling their mounts."
Neutrality.
TO THE CITIZENS OF RUSSIA
"Quickly, to the front
so that we can return at the head of
our loyal troops
and crush the Bolsheviks!"
"Gentlemen !..."
The cadets marched to the aid of the deposed government.
"Help is on the way!"
The Women's Death Battalion.
"To the last drop of blood!"
The billiard table of Nicolas II.
Barricades of the counter-revolutionaries.
The delegates of
the Second Congress of Soviets assembled.
Delegates of the Menshevik Party - Room 16.
Delegates of the S.R. Party Room 20.
Delegates from the front.
From the East.
From Kronstadt.
From the Ukraine.
From Siberia.
The Provisional Government had lost power, but
continued to exist.
Its Leader.
Its Members.
They drafted an appeal to the people.
"...The Constituent Assembly
is the only lawful government in Russia."
That night at the Smolny
the Menshevik S.R. Central Executive Committee opened
the session of Congress.
"Comrades."
"There is but one question on our agenda."
"That question is...
who shall be in power?"
"The Provisional Government is the only lawful government."
THE MILITARY REVOLUTIONARYCOMMITTEE
But the people decided otherwise.
The Russian Capitol was in the hands of the
revolutionary workers and soldiers.
AURORA
The Winter Palace... The Palace Square.
"The Bolsheviks have hatched a military plot against the
lawful government."
"We will have hunger and ruin instead of bread."
"The country's ruin will be Bolshevik's destruction."
"But the revolution will also perish."
"Down with him !"
"Down with the lackeys of the bourgeoisie!"
Election of the Congress Presidium.
"AII those in favor of the Mensheviks and S.R.'s?"
"Not so many."
"AII those in favor of the Bolsheviks?"
ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS!
Red Guards held the Winter Palace in a ring of steel.
Surrender! You are given 20 minutes...
to avoid bloodshed. Military, Revolutionary Committee.
Bearers of the truce proposal.
"A man?"
"A woman?"
"Hey, friend!"
"Last ultimatum to your government."
Waiting for a reply.
Waiting...
One by one, the soldiers of the Death Battalion surrendered.
Time was running out.
Infiltrators from the Smolny
were making their way into the
Palace to the Cossack battery
through the Palace cellars.
There are 1,100 rooms in the Palace.
In the main courtyard...
...among the Cossacks
the infiltrators were at work.
"Officer coming !"
"You dirty..." "How dare you leave your post!"
"You, a cadet!"
THE MOTHER !
"Cadets! Attention !"
"We have been given an ultimatum."
"We shall not surrender Russia to the Bolshevik-German Spies!"
On the floor above...
The infiltrators had done their job.
"How do you propose to seize power?"
"I'm asking...
...you Bolsheviks!"
"The Army is
not with you."
"The frontline troops...
...are not with you !"
"That's a lie!"
"You are speaking for Headquarters!"
TWELFTH ARMYSUPPORTS THE SOVIETS!
"The Twelfth Army...
...is with the Bolsheviks."
"Comrades!"
Soldiers of the Cycle Battalion.
"Rally to the Soviets!"
The Cossacks...
...surrendered.
They changed sides.
Still no reply.
NO REPLY.
And at the Congress... The Mensheviks "discoursed."
"We must try to settle this sad misunderstanding peacefully,
without fighting, without bloodshed."
"The Bolsheviks want to force historical events."
"There will be no peace!"
"There will no bread!"
"The time for words has passed!"
"We want peace!"
"We want bread!"
"We want land!"
The signal!
The guns at the Peter and Paul Fort.
Committee For The Salvation Of Country And The Revolution.
Trying to save the Provisional Government.
To save the Government?
"Why... that is...
the Mayor, in person !"
"We protest most emphatically!"
"Forward!"
The Empress' bedroom.
"Let's get Kerensky!"
"Gentlemen. Let us meet them in a most dignified manner."
"You are all under arrest
on behalf of the Military Revolutionary Committee..."
October 25, 1917. Antonov Ovseyenko.
"...I declare the Provisional Government deposed!"
ST. PETERSBURG
MOSCOW
NEW YORK
BERLIN
LONDON
PARIS
"Comrades!
The Workers' and Peasants' Revolution,
which the Bolsheviks have always deemed necessary,
has been won !"
Wednesday, October 25 (November 7)
Thursday, October 26 (November 8)
DECREE ON PEACE
DECREE ON LAND
"We must now set about building
a proletarian socialist state in Russia."
V. Ulyanov (Lenin )
THE END
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